2:4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth
There are the generations of the heavens and the earth … (e.)
This is the account of the heavens and the earth … (a.)
This is the account of the heavens and the earth … (i.)
本卷书名创世纪一词来源于此
account 像是记录,来历,源头。
2:5 And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.
When no bush of the field … no small plant … sprung up … had not caused it to rain … (e.)
Now no shrub … no plant … had yet sprouted … had not sent rain … (a.)
… no shrub … sprung up … sent (i.)
KJV先提到每一种植物,然后再是草本植物。没有使得发生。是神将雨送到地上的
2:6 But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground.
and a mist was going up … was watering the whole face of the ground (e.)
but a mist used to rise … and water the whole surface of the ground (a.)
but streams came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground (i.)
NIV用的是溪流,其他版本用的雾气滋润了地的表面。合和本用的“遍地”,那就是整个地球的地面。
2:7 formed man … and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. … a living soul.
formed 像是造形,成形,看起来比造更加具体。让我想到reformed,中文翻译为改革或者归正,英文像是重新成形。
a living creature (e.)
a living being (i.)
a living being (a.)
living soul,活的魂,
living creature, 活的生物
living being, 活的存在
我喜欢living soul的表达。在圣经的表达有,一元论(魂),二元论(魂、体),三元论(灵、魂、体)的表达。这里是典型的经文对一元论支持。
耶和华 神用地上的尘土造人,将生气吹在他鼻孔里,他就成了有灵的活人,名叫 亚当 。(u.)
耶和华天主用土造人、将生气吹在他鼻内、就成了有灵魂的活人。(p.r.)
耶和華天主用土造人、將生氣吹在他鼻子裏、就成了有靈魂的活人。(p. )
耶和華天主用土造人、將生氣吹在他鼻子裏、就成了有靈魂的活人。(p.)
和合本的翻译有些不同,强调了名叫亚当。Adam原文是(男)人的意思,大概相当于英文中的man。
2.8 The Lord God planted a garden toward the east, in Eden; and there He placed the man whom He had formed.
耶和华天主在东方的伊甸立了一园、将所造的人安在里面。(p.)
耶和华神在东方的伊甸立了一个园子,把所造的人安置在那里。(u.)
可以翻译成是神种植了一个园子在伊甸。伊甸是个地名,在东方。
planted h5193. נָטַע nâṭaʿ, naw-tah´; a prim. root; prop. to strike in, i.e. fix; spec. to plant (lit.) or fig.):—fastened, plant (-er).
placed 7760. שׂוּם sûwm, soom; or שִׂים sîym, seem; a prim. root; to put (used in a great variety of applications, lit., fig., infer. and ellip.):—× any wise, appoint, bring, call [a name], care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider, convey, determine, + disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out), mark, + name, × on, ordain, order, + paint, place, preserve, purpose, put (on), + regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set (on, up), shew, + stedfastly, take, × tell, + tread down, ([over-]) turn, × wholly, work.
2:9 … grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food;the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
And out of the ground the Lord God made to spring up every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food. The tree of life was in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.(e.)
Out of the ground the Lord God caused to grow every tree that is pleasing to the sight and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. (a.)
The Lord God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground—trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. (i.)
耶和華天主呌各樣樹從地裏生出來、又好看、又結好吃的果子、園當中有生命的樹、還有分別善惡的樹。(p.)
耶和华天主使各样树从地而生、又好看、又结好吃的果子、园当中有生命的树、还有分别善恶的树。(p.r.)
耶和华神使各样的树从地里长出来,可以悦人的眼目,其上的果子好作食物。园子当中又有生命树和分别善恶的树。(u.)
这里的北京官话译本没有那么直译,非常朴素的表达
中文译本的【当中】,或者【中】都不好解释为正中。midst是正中的意思。英文译本表达的是在园子的正中央,有生命树和善恶树。KJV传统的表达的话,我的理解是正中央是生命树,然后才是善恶树。
前面说各样的树可以悦人眼目,如果以句号为结束,那就是说各样的树都对视觉吸引力,可以理解是神为人贴心预备的。
如果以分号为结束,各种数就只能指是这两棵树了,那么人就需要每日去在这两棵树中间取果子吃,或者生命树,或善恶树。悦人眼目的不止是善恶树。两种都不支持这样的翻译。
2:10
And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.
And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. (e.)
Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it divided and became four rivers. (a.)
A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it was separated into four headwaters. (i.)
有河从伊甸流出来滋润那园子,从那里分为四道:(u.)
有河从伊甸流出来、滋润那园、从那里分为四道。 (p.r.)
heads 7218. רֹאשׁ rôʾsh, roshe; from an unused root appar. mean. to shake; the head (as most easily shaken), whether lit. or fig. (in many applications, of place, time, rank, etc.):—band, beginning, captain, chapiter, chief (-est place, man, things), company, end, × every [man], excellent, first, forefront, ([be-]) head, height, (on) high (-est part, [priest]), × lead, × poor, principal, ruler, sum, top.
这里KJV用的heads,非常直译。NIV翻译成了headwaters,源头,算是对KJV的致敬。ESV和NAS更符合一般人的阅读习惯。
12 And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.
… bdellium and onyx stone are there. (e.)
the bdellium and the onyx stone are there. (a.)
aromatic resin and onyx are also there (n.)
并且那地的金子是好的;在那里又有珍珠和红玛瑙。(u.)
那地的金子是好的、也出比多拉、和朔杭宝石。(p.)
KJV 贝德利姆 玛瑙石
NIV 芳香树脂 缟玛瑙
13 And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia.
14 And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.
15 And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.
The Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it.
en the Lord God took the man and put him into the garden of Eden to cultivate it and keep it
The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.
耶和华神将那人安置在伊甸园,使他修理看守。(u.)
耶和华天主将人安在伊甸园、使他栽培看守。(p.)
dress 5647. עָבַד ʿâbad, aw-bad´; a prim. root; to work (in any sense); by impl. to serve, till, (caus.) enslave, etc.:—× be, keep in bondage, be bondmen, bond-service, compel, do, dress, ear, execute, + husbandman, keep, labour (-ing man), bring to pass, (cause to, make to) serve (-ing, self), (be, become) servant (-s), do (use) service, till (-er), transgress [from margin], (set a) work, be wrought, worshipper.
KJV的翻译很有趣,dress在当今的意思应该是装点了吧,在原有的基础上发展。所以,我觉得栽培比较合适。另外看守,是否需要避免其他的动物进来,有守着的意思,防止被破坏的意思。
16 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat:
And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, “You may surely eat of every tree of the garden, (e.)
The Lord God commanded the man, saying, “From any tree of the garden you may eat freely; (a.)
And the Lord God commanded the man, “You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; (i.)
耶和华神吩咐他说:“园中各样树上的果子,你可以随意吃,(u.)
耶和华天主吩咐人说、园中各样树上的果子、你可以随意吃。(p.r.)
17 But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.” (e.)
but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat from it you will surely die.” (a.)
but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat from it you will certainly die.” (a.)
只是分别善恶树上的果子,你不可吃,因为你吃的日子必定死。”
只是分别善恶树上的果子、你不可吃、吃的日子你必死。
but在中文翻译为只是,这里像是连词,而且有仅仅的意思,有强调
不清楚shalt是否比shall强烈,NIV的must很清楚。
of it 有从它的意思吧。
thereof 因此,有警告。不知道是否可以解释为,人必会吃这树上的果子并导致死亡。吃的那一天就决定死亡了。也像是宣告,提前就预示了结果、结局。